良许Linux教程网 干货合集 Linux系统安装chef具体解决方案

Linux系统安装chef具体解决方案

chef是一个服务器自动化构建工具。 是一个系统集成框架,为整个架构提供配置管理功能。下面良许教程网的小编为大家整理了一篇Linux系统安装chef的具体解决方案。

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Chef简介:

  • Chef是,由Ruby开发的服务器的构成管理工具

  • 通过Chef编写代码来管理服务器,而不是运行命令。

  • Chef与应用程序、数据库、LDAP目录等紧密集成。

  • 轻松地配置需要了解整个基础设施的应用程序

Linux系统安装Chef具体解决方案

下载 ChefDK

ChefDK是Chef Development Kit的缩写,它几乎用于所有的平台,包括基于Debian发行版、Ubuntu、RedHat、CentOS、Mac OS X和Windows。当前ChefDK的稳定版本是0.11.2,对于基于RHEL的系统,它可用于版本 6 和 7(如: CentOS 6 和 CentOS 7),RPM版本只有64位版本。

使用以下命令下载ChefDK 在CentOS 7上

 cd ~
 wget https://packages.chef.io/stable/el/7/chefdk-0.11.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

在CentOS 6上

 cd ~
 wget https://packages.chef.io/stable/el/6/chefdk-0.11.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

安装 ChefDK

使用RPM安装刚刚下载的ChefDK

 # rpm -ivh chefdk-0.11.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
 Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
 Updating / installing...
    1:chefdk-0.11.2-1.el7              ################################# [100%]
 Thank you for installing Chef Development Kit!

ChefDK默认安装到/opt/chefdk目录下,如下所示

 # ls -l /opt/chefdk/
 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Mar  3 13:50 bin
 drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root    62 Mar  3 13:50 embedded
 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13249 Feb 22 14:26 version-manifest.json
 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  8233 Feb 22 14:26 version-manifest.txt

验证ChefDK的安装

执行chef verify,验证所有来自ChefDK的不同组件,确保他们都工作正常,没有任何问题

 # chef verify
 Running verification for component 'berkshelf'
 Running verification for component 'test-kitchen'
 Running verification for component 'tk-policyfile-provisioner'
 Running verification for component 'chef-client'
 Running verification for component 'chef-dk'
 Running verification for component 'chef-provisioning'
 Running verification for component 'chefspec'
 Running verification for component 'generated-cookbooks-pass-chefspec'
 Running verification for component 'rubocop'
 Running verification for component 'fauxhai'
 Running verification for component 'knife-spork'
 Running verification for component 'kitchen-vagrant'
 Running verification for component 'package installation'
 Running verification for component 'openssl'
 Running verification for component 'inspec'
 .......
 ---------------------------------------------
 Verification of component 'test-kitchen' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'chef-dk' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'chefspec' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'rubocop' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'knife-spork' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'openssl' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'berkshelf' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'chef-client' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'fauxhai' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'inspec' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'tk-policyfile-provisioner' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'kitchen-vagrant' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'chef-provisioning' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'package installation' succeeded.
 Verification of component 'generated-cookbooks-pass-chefspec' succeeded.

下面是chef verify失败的案例。注意:Ruby在Chef中是必须的,它被嵌入在了ChefDK中。

 # chef verify
 ..
 /opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/mixlib-shellout-2.2.6/lib/mixlib/shellout.rb:289:in `invalid!': Expected process to exit with [0], but received '1' (Mixlib::ShellOut::ShellCommandFailed)
 ---- Begin output of /usr/bin/ohai -v ----
 STDOUT:
 STDERR: /opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/dependency.rb:319:in `to_specs': Could not find 'chef-config' (= 12.8.0) - did find: [chef-config-12.7.2] (Gem::LoadError)

以上错误信息显示:“Could not find ‘chef-config’ (= 12.8.0) – did find: [chef-config-12.7.2] (Gem::LoadError)”,在安装的ChefDK中chef-config的版本是12.7.2的旧版本,在手动安装chef-confg 12.8.0版本后再执行chef verify,显示验证成功。

验证ChefDK版本

执行 chef -version命令,显示ChefDK的版本号以及所有附带组件

 # chef --version
 Chef Development Kit Version: 0.11.2
 chef-client version: 12.7.2
 berks version: 4.2.0
 kitchen version: 1.5.0

设置Chef 环境变量

设置Chef相关的环境变量,如:GEM_ROOT GEM_HOME GEM_PATH。

 export GEM_ROOT="/opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0"
 export GEM_HOME="/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0"
 export GEM_PATH="/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0:/opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0"

此外,如果你的系统上已经安装了ruby,你需要更新与ruby相关的PATH变量,如下所示

 export PATH="/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"

显示所有Chef设置的环境变量。

 chef shell-init bash

想要快速设置这些环境变量,可以将其添加到bash_profile文件中,如下所示。

 echo 'eval "$(chef shell-init bash)"' >> ~/.bash_profile

访问Chef的Firewalld规则

为了访问Chef服务器上的Chef Manage GUI,添加以下firewalld规则,开放Chef服务器上的相应端口。

 firewall-cmd --direct  --add-rule ipv4 \
 filter INPUT_direct 0 -i eth0 -p tcp \
  --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
 
 firewall-cmd --direct  --add-rule ipv4 \
 filter INPUT_direct 0 -i eth0 -p tcp \
  --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
 
 firewall-cmd --direct  --add-rule ipv4 \
 filter INPUT_direct 0 -i eth0 -p tcp \
  --dport 9683 -j ACCEPT
 
 firewall-cmd --reload

从Chef Manage GUI下载Starter Kit

登录到Chef Manage GUI,单击“Administration”选项,从列表中选择“organization”。此例中,“organization”为“example”,选中organization之后,点击左侧菜单中的“Starter Kit”。 chef-manage-starter-kit

按下“Download(下载)”按钮之后,会跳出一个警告信息,按下“Proceed”,它会将chef-starter.zip文件下载到本地机器。

解压缩 Starter Kit

将chef-starter.zip文件传输到Chef工作站并解压到root的home目录下

 # cd ~
 # unzip chef-starter.zip
 Archive:  chef-starter.zip
    creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/
    creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/
    creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/templates/
    creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/templates/default/
   inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/templates/default/sample.erb  
    creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/files/
    creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/files/default/
   inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/files/default/sample.txt  
    creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/recipes/
   inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/recipes/default.rb  
    creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/attributes/
   inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/attributes/default.rb  
   inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/metadata.rb  
   inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/chefignore  
   inflating: chef-repo/README.md    
   inflating: chef-repo/.gitignore    
    creating: chef-repo/.chef/
    creating: chef-repo/roles/
   inflating: chef-repo/.chef/knife.rb  
   inflating: chef-repo/roles/starter.rb  
   inflating: chef-repo/.chef/ramesh.pem  
   inflating: chef-repo/.chef/example-validator.pem

如果你手动创建了chef-repo文件夹,那你就需要手动创建上述的子目录,复制knife.rb文件、organization-validator.pem文件(如:example-validator.pem)、username.pem文件(如:ramesh.pem)到上面显示的目录中。

Chef服务器的SSL证书

在这个阶段如果执行knife client list会得到以下错误信息

 # cd ~/chef-repo
 # knife client list
 ERROR: SSL Validation failure connecting to host: centos.example.com - SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=error: certificate verify failed
 ERROR: Could not establish a secure connection to the server.
 Use `knife ssl check` to troubleshoot your SSL configuration.
 If your Chef Server uses a self-signed certificate, you can use
 `knife ssl fetch` to make knife trust the server's certificates.
 
 Original Exception: OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError: SSL Error connecting to https://centos.example.com/organizations/example/clients - SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=error: certificate verify failed

证书验证失败,因为我们没有从Chef服务器下载SSL证书,此时可以执行以下“knife ssl fetch”。

 # cd ~/chef-repo
 # knife ssl fetch
 WARNING: Certificates from centos.example.com will be fetched and placed in your trusted_cert
 directory (/root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs).
 
 Knife has no means to verify these are the correct certificates. You should
 verify the authenticity of these certificates after downloading.

证书将会下载到以下truster_certs目录中

 # ls -l /root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs
 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1379 Mar 20 20:17 centos_example_com.crt
 
 # cat /root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs/centos_example_com.crt
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
 MIIDzDCCArSgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBRMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEQ
 MA4GA1UECgwHWW91Q29ycDETMBEGA1UECwwKT3BlcmF0aW9uczEbMBkGA1UEAwwS
 ZXJhdGlvbnMxGzAZBgNVBAMMEmNlbnRvcy5leGFtcGxlLmNvbTCCASIwDQYJKoZI
 ..
 ..
 WLyr2ORLMcck/OGsubabO/koMNTqhl2JJPECNiDJh06MeZ/2+BOwGZSpXDbw+vFE
 NJAsLfsTzihGWZ58einMFA==
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----

Chef工作站的最终确认

如果Chef工作站工作正常,当你执行“knife client list”时,它会显示所有连接工作站的客户端。由于我们刚刚安装它,因此只能看到刚刚我们创建的组织(organization)

 # cd ~/chef-repo
 
 # knife client list
 example-validator

如果你现有的Chef工作站机器上已经有5个服务器连接到它了,你会看到以下信息

 # knife client list
 example-validator
 node1
 node2
 node3
 node4
 node5

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