很多人在学习计算机网络的时候,都会遇到 IP 地址和子网掩码的概念,并对如何进行子网划分感到困惑。而今天,我们要介绍的工具——Sipcalc,可以让这个看似复杂的过程变得十分简单。
Sipcalc 是一个命令行 ip 子网计算器,支持 IPv4 和 IPv6,它会显示你填写 DHCP 信息或设置静态 IP 地址所需的所有 IP 相关信息。Sipcalc 的开发始于 2001 年,它具有我们想要的 ip 计算器的大部分功能。
安装
在Centos8中安装sipcalc之前,需要先安装epel源。:
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install sipcalc
sipcalc 使用方式
下面使用 sipcalc 列出一个标准 24 位的 C 类网络示例:
[root@localhost ~]# sipcalc 192.168.10.0/24
-[ipv4 : 192.168.10.0/24] - 0
[CIDR]
Host address - 192.168.10.0
Host address (decimal) - 3232238080
Host address (hex) - C0A80A00
Network address - 192.168.10.0
Network mask - 255.255.255.0
Network mask (bits) - 24
Network mask (hex) - FFFFFF00
Broadcast address - 192.168.10.255
Cisco wildcard - 0.0.0.255
Addresses in network - 256
Network range - 192.168.10.0 - 192.168.10.255
Usable range - 192.168.10.1 - 192.168.10.254
可以看到列出了192.168.10.0/24网段中广播地址、反掩码、网络范围和可用的IP地址范围。
下面添加-a
查看一下:
[root@localhost ~]# sipcalc -a 192.168.10.0/24
-[ipv4 : 192.168.10.0/24] - 0
[Classful]
Host address - 192.168.10.0
Host address (decimal) - 3232238080
Host address (hex) - C0A80A00
Network address - 192.168.10.0
Network class - C
Network mask - 255.255.255.0
Network mask (hex) - FFFFFF00
Broadcast address - 192.168.10.255
[CIDR]
Host address - 192.168.10.0
Host address (decimal) - 3232238080
Host address (hex) - C0A80A00
Network address - 192.168.10.0
Network mask - 255.255.255.0
Network mask (bits) - 24
Network mask (hex) - FFFFFF00
Broadcast address - 192.168.10.255
Cisco wildcard - 0.0.0.255
Addresses in network - 256
Network range - 192.168.10.0 - 192.168.10.255
Usable range - 192.168.10.1 - 192.168.10.254
[Classful bitmaps]
Network address - 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000
Network mask - 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
[CIDR bitmaps]
Host address - 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000
Network address - 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000
Network mask - 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Broadcast address - 11000000.10101000.00001010.11111111
Cisco wildcard - 00000000.00000000.00000000.11111111
Network range - 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000 -
11000000.10101000.00001010.11111111
Usable range - 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000001 -
11000000.10101000.00001010.11111110
[Networks]
Network - 192.168.10.0 - 192.168.10.255 (current)
可以看到可以看到192.168.10.0网段的有类路由和无类路由的二进制形式。
下面使用一个27为掩码的网段:
[root@localhost ~]# sipcalc 192.168.10.0/27
-[ipv4 : 192.168.10.0/27] - 0
[CIDR]
Host address - 192.168.10.0
Host address (decimal) - 3232238080
Host address (hex) - C0A80A00
Network address - 192.168.10.0
Network mask - 255.255.255.224
Network mask (bits) - 27
Network mask (hex) - FFFFFFE0
Broadcast address - 192.168.10.31
Cisco wildcard - 0.0.0.31
Addresses in network - 32
Network range - 192.168.10.0 - 192.168.10.31
Usable range - 192.168.10.1 - 192.168.10.30
可以看到可用地址为192.168.10.1-192.168.10.30
添加-a
选项,可以看到可用的网段有哪些:
[root@localhost ~]# sipcalc 192.168.10.0/27 -a
-[ipv4 : 192.168.10.0/27] - 0
[Classful]
Host address - 192.168.10.0
Host address (decimal) - 3232238080
Host address (hex) - C0A80A00
Network address - 192.168.10.0
Network class - C
Network mask - 255.255.255.0
Network mask (hex) - FFFFFF00
Broadcast address - 192.168.10.255
[CIDR]
Host address - 192.168.10.0
Host address (decimal) - 3232238080
Host address (hex) - C0A80A00
Network address - 192.168.10.0
Network mask - 255.255.255.224
Network mask (bits) - 27
Network mask (hex) - FFFFFFE0
Broadcast address - 192.168.10.31
Cisco wildcard - 0.0.0.31
Addresses in network - 32
Network range - 192.168.10.0 - 192.168.10.31
Usable range - 192.168.10.1 - 192.168.10.30
[Classful bitmaps]
Network address - 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000
Network mask - 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
[CIDR bitmaps]
Host address - 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000
Network address - 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000
Network mask - 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
Broadcast address - 11000000.10101000.00001010.00011111
Cisco wildcard - 00000000.00000000.00000000.00011111
Network range - 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000 -
11000000.10101000.00001010.00011111
Usable range - 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000001 -
11000000.10101000.00001010.00011110
[Networks]
Network - 192.168.10.0 - 192.168.10.31 (current)
Network - 192.168.10.32 - 192.168.10.63
Network - 192.168.10.64 - 192.168.10.95
Network - 192.168.10.96 - 192.168.10.127
Network - 192.168.10.128 - 192.168.10.159
Network - 192.168.10.160 - 192.168.10.191
Network - 192.168.10.192 - 192.168.10.223
Network - 192.168.10.224 - 192.168.10.255
总之,Sipcalc 是一个非常实用的工具,可以帮助我们轻松地进行网络规划和管理。通过对 IP 地址和子网掩码的计算和分析,我们可以更好地理解网络架构的原理和操作。相信通过使用 Sipcalc,我们可以更加高效地管理我们的网络。
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